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البحـث الثاني
119
2016
أوابك العلمية لعام
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ص لبحوث العلمية الفائزة بجائزة
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عدد خا
مجلة النفط والتعاون العربي
161
العدد
- 2017
أربعون
المجلد الثالث و ال
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List of Figures
Figure 1 Breakdown of the sources of used lubricating oils.................................................3
Figure 2 Used lubricating oil composition.............................................................................4
Figure 3 Consumption of lubricants, collection and valorization of used lubricating oil
in Arab countries ....................................................................................................................11
Figure 4 Global Lubricant consumption by region during 2014........................................12
Figure 5 Regional lube oil consumption, collection and recycling of used oil..................14
Figure 6 Comparison of Specific Gravity and Ash content before and after re-refining .17
Figure 7 Comparison of Viscosity, Flash Point and Iron content before and after re-
refining. ...................................................................................................................................17
Figure 8 Safety Kleen simplified process flow diagram .....................................................19
Figure 9 KTI simplified process flow diagram ....................................................................20
Figure 10 CEP simplfied process flow diagram ..................................................................22
Figure 11 UOP Hylube simplified process flow diagram...................................................23
Figure 12 Revivoil simplified process flow diagram ..........................................................25
Figure 13 STP simplified process flow diagram..................................................................28
Figure 14 Probex simplified process flow diagram.............................................................28
Figure 15 PROP process process flow sheet.........................................................................30
Figure 16 IFP simplified block flow diagram ......................................................................31
Figure 17 Snamprogetti simplified process flow diagram..................................................32
Figure 18 Schematic of the VAXON re-refining process ....................................................34
Figure 19 Interline simplified process floe diagram............................................................36
Figure 20 ROSE/Kellog simplified block flow diagram; Source Giovanna et al (2003)....36
Figure 21 Acid/Clay re-refining process...............................................................................38
Figure 22 ENTRA simplified process flow diagram ...........................................................39
Figure 23 RTI simplified block flow diagram ......................................................................41
Figure 24 SOTULUB simplified process flow diagram.......................................................42
Figure 25 MRD simplified process flow diagram................................................................44
Figure 26 Impacts assessment results of re-refining vs. virgin refining ............................50
Figure 27 Overview of the impact assessment results (re-refining vs. combustion of used
lube oil) ...................................................................................................................................51
Figure 28 Overview of the impact assessment results (re-refining vs. primary
production) .............................................................................................................................51