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البحـث الأول
مجلة النفط والتعاون العربي
161
العدد
- 2017
أربعون
المجلد الثالث و ال
2016
أوابك العلمية لعام
�
ص لبحوث العلمية الفائزة بجائزة
�
عدد خا
37
27
Table (4)
Comparison of Virgin & Used Oil Properties
Properties
Virgin Oil
Used Oil
Physical Properties
Specific gravity
0.882
0.910
Viscosity @100
o
F SUS
324
BS&W % v
0
12.3
Carbon residue % w
0.82
3.0
Ash yield % w
0.94
1.3
Flash Point
o
F
348
Pour Point
o
F
-35.0
-35.0
Chemical Properties
Saponification number
3.94
12.7
Total acid number
2.2
4.4
Total base number
4.7
1.7
Nitrogen % w
0.05
0.08
Sulpher % w
0.32
0.42
Lead ppm*
0
7535
Calcium ppm
1210
4468
Phosphorus ppm
1397
931
Magnesium ppm
675
309
Barium ppm
37
297
Iron ppm
3
205
Sodium ppm
4
118
Potassium ppm
>
1
31
Copper ppm
0
29
Source: 1 * Before lead removal from gasoline
–
author.
The PCB Question:
Another important environmental and health hazard problem in used oil is that
associated with PCBs. “PCB or polychlorinated biphenyl, is a class of synthetic
chemicals consisting of a homologous series of compounds that do not occur
naturally in petroleum but have been found as contaminants in used oil
1
.” They
have excellent dielectric properties that made them most satisfactory for use in
electric transformers and capacitors
43
. They have been classified as health hazard
and carcinogenic
43
. Therefore, if PCBs are found in used oil, over a certain limit,
they increase the hazard and complicate the handling procedures.